ASTOCKTON

 Andrew Carnegie-  Born-  November 25, 1835   Born at-  Dunfermline, Scotland Died-  August 11, 1919 (age 83) Died at-  Lenox, Massachusetts, United States Married to-  Louise Whitfield

Net Worth- $298.3 billion dollars ( based on information from Forbes February 2008)

Carnegie was born on November 25, 1835, in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland, He was the son of a hand loom weaver, William T. Carnegie. His mother, Margaret Morrison, was a tanner and shoemaker. Carnegie emigrated from Scotland to the United States in 1848 at the age of 13. Carnegies first job was in 1848 when he was 13 years old he was a bobbin boy, he changed spools of thread in a cotton mill twelve hours a day, six days a week. He made $1.20 per week, plus another 80 cents for firing the furnace. In 1851, he became a telegraph messenger boy in the Pittsburgh Office of the Ohio Telegraph Company, at $2.50 per week. Thomas A. Scott of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company gave him a job secretary/telegraph operator starting in 1853, at a salary of $4.00 per week. When he was 18 he worked his way through the company and became the superintendent of the Pittsburgh Division. Scott also helped him with his first investments. In 1855 he was able to invest $600 in a successful firm called Adams Express. Later he invested money in sleeping cars for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and bought part of the company making the wagons. He then invested his money in railroad industries (iron, bridges, and rails) he was able to slowly earn his large sum of money. Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry; he did this by controlling every part of the steel making process. One of his two great innovations was cheap and mass production of steel rails for railroad lines. The second was he controlled all the resources used in making steel. In the late 1880s, Carnegie Steel was the largest manufacturer of pig iron, steel rails, and coke in the world. By 1889, the U.S. output of steel exceeded that of the UK, and Carnegie owned a large part of it. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN">In 1898, Carnegie tried to give the Philippines its independence. At the end of the Spanish American War, the United States bought the Philippines from Spain for $20 million. Carnegie personally offered $20 million to the Philippines so that the Filipino people could buy their independence from Spain because he thought what the Americans were doing was imperialism. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN">In 1901, Carnegie was 66 years old and he wanted to retire. At the height of his career he was the second-richest person in the world, behind only John D. Rockefeller of Standard Oil. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN">Carnegie spent his last years as a philanthropist. He gave $2 million in 1901 to start the Carnegie Institute of Technology (CIT) at Pittsburgh, and the same amount in 1902 to found the Carnegie Institution at Washington, D.C. He later contributed more to these and other schools. CIT is now part of Carnegie Mellon University. Carnegie was honored for his giving ways and support of the arts by initiation as an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity on October 14, 1917 at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. By the time he died, Carnegie had given away $350,695,653 (approximately $4.3 billion, adjusted to 2005 figures). At his death, the last $30,000,000 was likewise given away to foundations, charities, and to pensioners. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN">Carnegie married Louise Whitfield in 1887 and had one daughter, Margaret Carnegie Miller, who was born in 1897. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial">

In conclusion Carnegie was a captain of industry, because he gave away an extremely large sun of money to charities and universities. He also helped create libraries not only in America but in all the English speaking Nations. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Narrow','sans-serif'">